Теннис: конни перрен результаты, календарь

Гражданская война

Когда началась война, Перрин вступил в армию Конфедерации в звании капитана и был зачислен в 14-й Южнокаролинский пехотный полк, который входил в бригаду Макси Грегга, в составе знаменитой «Лёгкой дивизии» Эмброуза Хилла.

Вместе с бригадой Грегга Перрин видел много крупных сражений, включая Семидневную Битву, Второй Булл-Ран, Энтитем и Фредериксберг. После Грегга бригаду возглавил Сэмюэль Макгоуэн, который передал Перрину свой 14-й Южнокаролинский полк.

Весной 1863 Макгоуэн был ранен в сражении при Чанселорсвилле, и Перрин возглавил бригаду. Именно он командовал бригадой в Геттисбергской кампании и в сражении при Геттисберге, где она находилась в составе дивизии Уильяма Пендера (в III корпусе Хилла). Бригада имела следующий состав:

• 1-й Южнокаролинский (командир: майор Чарльз Макрери),
• 1-й Южнокаролинский стрелковый (командир: кап. Уильям Хадден),
• 12-й Южнокаролинский (командир: полк. Джон Миллер),
• 13-й Южнокаролинский (командир: подполковник Бежамен Брокман),
• 14-й Южнокаролинский (командир: подполковник Джозеф Браун).

1 июля 1863 года, в 16:00 бригада участвовала в атаке Семинарского хребта, завершившейся взятием хребта.

10 сентября 1863 года Перрин был повышен до бригадного генерала. После выздоровления Макгоуэна ему было поручено командование алабамской бригадой, которой до того командовал Кадмус Уилкокс (повышенный до командира дивизии после гибели Пендера). Бригада находилась в составе дивизии Ричарда Андерсона и состояла из пяти полков: 8-го, 9-го, 10-го, 11-го и 14-го алабамских.

Перин отличился личной храбростью в сражении в Глуши в мае 1864 года. Чуть позже, перед сражением при Спотсильвейни, он сказал: «Я выйду из этого сражения или живым генерал-майором, или мёртвым бригадиром». 12 мая 1864 года в битве за «Подкову мула» почти вся дивизия Эдварда Джонсона была разбита и захвачена в плен, и несколько бригад, включая бригаду Перрина, были брошены на помощь. Перрин повёл бригаду в бой верхом, с саблей в руке и был сражён семью пулями. Он умер почти сразу.

Его похоронили на кладбище Конфедерации во Фредериксберге.

Leaks, yes sometimes we leak…..

We experienced a pretty large leak as the boost tube on the PERRIN TMIC slipped off the turbo a few times (due to a second, and oily Y pipe) and it is amazing how much this makes a difference in power and temps. The obvious thought is power because of the loss of boost. But there wasn’t much in the loss of boost at all. Because the ECU is always adjusting for boost by keeping the wastegate closed, we didn’t really see much change at all until above 6000RPM. Where we did see change, was in temperatures. We saw turbo outlet temps go up 25+ degrees F and intercooler outlet temps almost as much. This 25 degrees F is where we lost power. 25 degrees F hotter air mean less dense air, and less power. So why is this? Its pretty simple if you look at a compressor map for a turbo. If you plot airflow vs. boost, you will see that more boost or more airflow pushes the turbo efficiency way off the map. This means a less efficient turbo and bye bye power. Another effect on power is how rich the car runs with a leak. Richer AFRs occur because the ECU thinks there is air entering the engine and adds more fuel. The ECU doesn’t know the air is escaping. Of course the size of the leak will depend on how rich the AFR gets, but either way it’s bad. The richer AFR and the turbo being less efficient can cause significant losses in power.

One item people don’t think about is the blow off valve. If this leaks, it’s not as noticeable. On a Subaru, the BOV is vented back to the intake, so the car will at least not run richer, but the turbo efficiency comes into play, and again a loss in power. We are bringing this up because certain types of leaks may not be noticed on a boost gauge, and only seen on the dyno with a loss in power. It is always a good idea to check for boost leaks, or vacuum leaks in your boost system. This could be as simple as checking all the vacuum hoses to something a little more complicated like building a plug for the intake system and pressurizing the entire intake/boost tube system with compressed air. This will ensure your turbo is working properly, and you are not losing any power.

The Hardware That Makes This Test Legit

We have been using Innovate Products for a while now and like a lot of our other testing, we continue to support and utilize their superior products. The DL-32, TC4, and LC-1 are the 3 items we use to capture the data that you see below.

We use the TC-4 as our thermocoupler central hub. This unit takes up to 4 thermocouples and converts the signals into data so the DL-32 can read them. The 4 channels are taken up with EGT, Pre IC temp, Post IC temp and Ambient temp. On the TMIC we drilled and tapped them into the endtanks of both the OEM intercooler and the PERRIN. In an effort to keep them both reading the same temps, they were both installed in the same places on the tanks.  The Ambient temp probe was stuck to the face of the intercoolers.The TMIC had the probe mounted about 3/8″ off the core and the FMIC had it mounted on the bumper beam.

On the FMIC the pre- and post-temp sensors were mounted in the boost tubes right after the turbo and just before the throttle body. While these are not exactly the same placement we had on the TMIC setups, it would still provide accurate data.

Here is a shot of all the probes mounted and hidden on the FMIC setup. The probes were permanently installed with the FMIC in place so it was important to make it look nice and tidy.

The DL-32 is a Data Logging system that can read and log up to 32 channels of data.  It has on-board logging capabilities using an SD card which is very handy for road/track tuning. This unit itself logs boost, temperature, RPM, and a few other 0-5 volt signals with lateral G and accel G sensor. The TC-4 thermocoupler module plugs into the «IN» serial port  along with the Wideband 02 sensor.

Last but not least is the single most important tuning tool, the LC-1. This is Innovates newest wideband 02 sensor which is an all inclusive cable/wideband module, and sensor. As you see its in nice compact package that doesn’t require boxes, or special mounting. Just power and ground and you’re off! All of these systems tie together with serial type system.  With all of them strung together, the final part of the string connects to a PC or gauge, or both! This allows the use of the Innovate Logging software on the PC to be used and collect all this data at high speeds, or allow for a string of gauges to be connected to it.

Once setup, the Innovate stuff is pretty cool and can provide a very clear picture of what is going on in your engine. Below is an example of the data we gathered. In the graph below, the data can be plotted against a custom built map. This is very useful when mapping an ECU.

Before we show our data, some important notes about the dyno and how we use it. The fans we were using is a constant velocity type; this doesn’t replicate real wind speed that you would see on the road, but it does provide a constant airflow. All the intercoolers will function better on the road compared to the dyno. The differences in how intercoolers work or cool the charge will still be seen with these consistent parameters. On that note, both top mounted intercoolers were tested using the hood closed and using the OEM seal to direct the air through the intercooler. This provides as close to a real world result as possible with our fans. Some people put the fan directly on the intercooler, and while this does work, it makes for almost too much airflow at lower RPMs. Then out on the road (at lower RPMs) the car may not run as well as it did on the dyno.

Ambient temperature for the day was varying depending on if we look at the ambient temperature probe or the actual temp. The outside temperature of the car was 65F according to the outside temperature gauge. Also since there was no tuning done since the last Test and Tune, and there was now a header installed. The AFR’s were slightly richer. With that said there were still very good gains from the header (roughly 10-15WHP), then being able to lean out the AFR’s would net even more power, but this wouldn’t be done until after the intercooler test was complete.

Conclusion

The Stock TMIC is ok, for a stock car running stock boost, but when pushed, it started to show its faults. Not much else to say there!

The PERRIN TMIC is better than the stock intercooler. It does make more HP than stock and makes more boost efficiently. But overall the TMIC still has cooling issues, because of where it is placed in the engine and because of the rather small opening for air to reach it. Because the TMIC is not restrictive, and has some issues with cooling, this makes for a perfect intercooler when using water injection. Our PWI-1 can turn the PERRIN TMIC into a great intercooler for super responsive autocross guys that can use water injection.  But for those who can’t, the FMIC stomps the competition!

The PERRIN FMIC is so much better in all aspects. Cools better, no loss in overall boost, looks sweet on the car, perfect ambient airflow, more consistent power, more torque, etc. The only bad things are cost and install time. This can add an easy $1000 to the overall cost which is a huge factor when it comes to modding your car. If you are in a hot climate especially one with 91 octane fuel, or want the most from your Subaru, this is a must!

While this test was done on our 08 STI the same results will be seen on other vehicles.  While road speed and ambient temps will vary from car to car and climate to climate, the deltas from before and after we found should be expected. Also the data we got from the Innovate Logging system is very clear and very fast and for anyone looking to gather accurate data at a reasonable price look to Innovate Motorsports for you needs. All of our shop cars are outfitted with their logging systems and wideband 02 sensors which are a great and necessary item for doing tests like these.

See? We told you our FMIC is for more than just looks! Look for future tests we do proving more PERRIN parts! We have lots of parts and lots of parts to prove. Next time, we will be putting that Water Injection nozzle to the test!

Player’s record

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• W/L — mixed doubles

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Глаголы к слову перрин

Что может перрин? Что можно сделать с перрином? Подбор подходящих глаголов на основе русского языка.

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